Stages of breast cancer
According to Staging of breast cancer , the type of operation is decided to the female , beside it affect the prognosis , also staging make it simple for surgeon also patients to take their decisions .
There are multiple staging techniques , but the most simple and most practicl is TNM staging , which classify cancer according two three variables , as T refer to tumor size , and that “T” subdivided into T1, in which the tumor size les than 2 cm , and T2 , tumor become from 2-5 cm , T3 ,the tumor progress up to 5 cm and finally T4 and in that case the tumor may have any size but with direct extension to the chest wall or even to chest skin.
“N ” that letter refer to lymph node , as when the cancer progress , it can involve the draining lymph nodes for the breast , that lymph nodes also subdivided into:
N0 : in that case no lymph nodes are involved
N1: lymph nodes are involved , but the axillary one and it is mobile
N2 : lymph nodes become fixed
N3 : in that case the supraclavicular lymph nodes are involved.
Finally “M” refer to Metastasis and it only have two options ,
M0 and in that case there is no metastasis ,and M1: there is metastasis .
Formulating the above three letter in main four stages , which are:
Stage 1: T1,N0,M0
Stage 2 : T1, N0 ,M0 or T2 ,N0/N1 , M0
Stage 3 : subdivided into
- Stage 3 A: T1/T2/T3 , N2 ,M0 or T3 , N0/N1/N2 , M0
- Stage 3 B: any T with N3 with M0 , or T4 with any N also with M0
Stage 4 : any M or any N but with M1.
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